This temple was built in the 2nd century. It is known for being the best-preserved temple in the Roman Forum. Indeed, the ten columns at the front of the monument and most of the facade still remain. This can be explained by the fact that it became a church in the Middle Ages.

This temple was initially dedicated to Faustina, the wife of Emperor Antoninus Pius. It was later dedicated to the emperor himself after his death.

Antoninus Pius was born into a senatorial family. He held various positions during the reign of Hadrian. He married Hadrian's niece, Faustina the Elder, and was then adopted by the emperor and became his successor.

Their daughter, Faustina the Younger, would become the wife of Marcus Aurelius.